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Translated By The Community Of WWW.MY-SUBS.COM
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When it comes to illusions,
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optical illusions
get all the attention.
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But the whole body you have
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can be fooled
and can fool the brain.
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One of my favorite
physical illusions
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is the thermal grill illusion.
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And you can do it right at home.
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I have some hot dog halves
in an ice bath.
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I also have warm hot dog halves.
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Now what I'm going to do
is marry the halves together
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so that they alternate,
warm, cool.
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Warm, cool.
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When I'm done,
I will have a torture device.
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But not one that hurts
your body,
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one that hurts your mind.
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- Rosanna Pansino.
- Hello, Michael.
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Welcome to "Mind Field".
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Rosanna Pansino is the host
of the YouTube cooking show
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"Nerdy Nummies".
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Brain cake.
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So I thought she would be
the perfect candidate
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to try out our hot dog illusion.
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Yeah.
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Now you didn't hear or see
anything I just did, right?
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- No.
- Good, all right.
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Well, you are in for a treat.
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What I want you to do is take
the bottom of your forearm
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- and place it, skin showing...
- Okay.
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Right onto these hot dogs.
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- What'd you feel?
- Ouch.
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But now touch them individually.
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Like, hurt.
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Cold, warm, cold, warm,
cold, warm.
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But none of them is as hot
as they all felt together.
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- So what's going on?
- I don't know. Magic?
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- What's going on over here?
- Can I try?
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Of course I can try.
It's my show.
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- Yeah, do it.
- Yeah.
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What we've built here
is a version
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of the thermal grill illusion.
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And for reasons
that are still being debated,
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this can cause a sensation
of pain.
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Maybe the sensors we have,
specific to hot and cold,
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are both also specific
to extreme pain.
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And getting them to fire
right together
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makes the body think,
"Whoa, whoa, whoa".
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If they're both firing
that near to each other,
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- that means get away.
- Red alert.
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- Red alert, yeah.
- That's what my arm did.
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So what I'm really trying
to say is
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this is a great way
to hurt someone
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without there ever being a mark
or any actual damage.
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- That's pretty sneaky.
- Do try this at home.
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The surface of the human body
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contains millions
of nerve endings
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that send touch-related sensory
information to the brain.
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But in some cases,
those sensations
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don't even need to be generated
by nerve endings.
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Ever heard of sympathy pain?
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The most well-known type
of sympathy pain
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is called couvade syndrome.
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It's when
a pregnant woman's husband
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goes through labor pains.
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Husbands can actually sympathize
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with their pregnant wives
so much
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that they experience
the same problems,
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such as weight gain, insomnia,
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nausea, mood swings, et cetera.
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Sympathy pain is also known
as synesthetic pain.
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It's pain sparked by seeing
someone else get hurt.
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Ooh!
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Amputees can actually
be more susceptible to it
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because experiencing trauma can
make the brain more sensitive
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to other people's pain.
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Amputees can also feel pain
in the limb
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that is no longer there.
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That is known as phantom pain.
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But perhaps
the most surprising way
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that the brain and pain interact
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can be demonstrated
by the nocebo effect.
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Have you ever heard
of the placebo effect?
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It's like when a fake pain pill
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actually cures a person's pain
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because they have a positive
expectation it will work.
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Well, today,
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we're demonstrating
the exact opposite.
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If a subject expects
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they're going to experience
something unpleasant,
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like pain, will they feel it
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even if it actually exists
only in their mind.
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We've told our subject that
she's participating in a study
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to test a non-invasive
bone density scanner.
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But actually,
it's a totally fake machine
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that we built from a desk lamp,
an air compressor,
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and the kind
of $10 laser pointer
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you might tease your cat with.
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It doesn't cause physical pain,
or for that matter,
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physical sensation of any kind.
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It doesn't hurt at all.
You guys, this doesn't work.
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But will the expectation alone
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make our subject think
she's feeling real pain?
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So come on in here.
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Just go ahead
and take a seat right there.
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And then when you feel
ready to drive,
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just let us know
and we'll dismiss you, okay?
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Okay. Thank you.
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First, we have to make
our subject
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expect to experience pain.
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And to do that, our actors are
going to scare her a little.
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Sorry, Jessica,
this is for science.
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So are you already done?
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Yeah. I just, you know,
need a minute.
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- Then I'll be good to go.
- What'd you do?
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It's like a targeted laser.
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It tests bone density.
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- Did it hurt?
- Yeah.
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By the look on her face,
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it appears we have successfully
primed our subject
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for what's to come.
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Okay, Jessica,
we're ready for you.
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The question is,
when put to the test,
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will she actually feel pain
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when there is really none there.
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- This is Jessica.
- Hi.
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- Hi, Jessica.
- Come on in.
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Won't you have a seat?
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Everything in this room,
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the medical equipment,
the hospital supplies,
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even the demeanor
of our fake nurse,
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is designed to play
on Jessica's mind.
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To psychologically induce
the anticipation of pain.
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We're testing out some
equipment.
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It's not invasive.
We need to measure
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the side effects
and patient reaction.
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And I want you to be
really descriptive
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about what you're feeling.
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And pay close attention
to the pain that you feel
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and how it grows.
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Notice how we are suggesting
that she will feel pain,
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further raising
her expectations.
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I'm gonna give you
a ball to squeeze
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- for pain management, okay?
- Okay.
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And any time you want to stop,
it stops right away.
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- Okay.
- Okay?
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You ready?
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It's definitely warm.
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And, like, like, tingly.
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After only about seven seconds,
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she's already feeling a
physical sensation on her skin,
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where there is none.
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Keep in mind, we tested
our fake bone scanner,
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and the light emits zero heat
or feeling of any kind.
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- Yeah, now it's...
doesn't feel that great.
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- You want me to turn it off?
- No, it's okay.
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- We're at 30 seconds.
- Really, like, stinging.
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- A sting?
- A sting and, like,
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- really, really hot.
- Now it's hot.
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- We're at 45 seconds.
- Yeah, it doesn't... it's...
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- Okay, I'm gonna turn it off.
- Okay, thanks.
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You described warm
turning to hot.
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It was, like, warm
and then that, like, heat grew
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into more of, like, a sting.
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On this pain scale,
could you point to
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the amount of pain
you were feeling?
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Between a six and a seven.
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According to the pain
assessment scale,
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she experienced
significant pain.
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This is completely up to you,
but we can move to level two,
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which is slightly more intense.
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How many more levels are there?
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There's just five.
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- There's five levels?
- There are five.
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- My gosh.
- But again,
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you're in the driver's seat.
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- Yeah, sure. Let's do it.
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Here's another test
of our nocebo.
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Will she feel an increase
in her level of pain
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if she expects to?
- You ready?
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Keep in mind, level two is fake.
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We're not doing anything
different than before,
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meaning nothing
is happening to her.
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So, yeah, it started off higher
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than the last time, I think.
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It's definitely, like,
already stinging.
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Immediately, she reports
increased pain on level two.
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It's 15 seconds.
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It feels really, really,
really hot and,
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like, penetrating.
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- How deep?
- Um...
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- 30 seconds.
- I don't know, like,
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1/2 and inch or, like, an inch.
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Yeah, it is...
it's very hot.
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Um, like burning.
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Like my whole arm is, like,
on fire.
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- We can stop at any time.
- You want to call it?
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- Yeah.
- Okay, we're off.
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- Do you need a tissue?
- Yeah, thank you.
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You're welcome.
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Could you rank for me
how you felt at level two?
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Like 9 1/2.
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The power of suggestion
was so strong,
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our nocebo caused our subject
to think
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she felt almost the worst pain
imaginable.
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Other subject felt different
imaginary sensations.
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The muscles are kind of,
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kind of burning a little bit.
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- Stop.
- How did that feel?
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That was, like, a seven.
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Actually it's tingling
a lot more now
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than it was before.
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I was surprised
at the intense reaction
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some subjects had to a feeling
that was created
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only in their minds.
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- Look, I'm gonna stop it now.
- That was 45 seconds.
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Describe for me the sensations
that you were having.
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It felt like a little prickle
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like when you get goose bumps.
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What about our original subject
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who experienced a severe
9 1/2 on the pain scale?
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How will she feel when she
learns it was all in her head?
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I want to debrief you
on everything
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that we're up to today.
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So this is a psychology program,
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and this equipment is not
doing anything to you.
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This is just a machine
that makes noise.
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And that's just a laser pointer
on a lamp.
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- For real?
- For real.
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- My God.
- You were never in danger.
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- We didn't do anything to you.
- My God.
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This is an investigation
in pain anticipation.
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- Yeah, that worked.
- I was so scared.
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I was so close to, like,
going to, like,
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just say, "You know what?
I changed my mind".
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I was so close to leaving.
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You did say that you felt
a prickle.
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How do you feel about that?
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Whether it was really
I did get goose bumps
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or I was nervous,
which is why I felt it.
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I know, as a person, like,
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if I think there's going
to be pain,
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I'm gonna feel something.
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I do still feel, like,
kind of like
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a burning sensation on my arms.
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- Really?
- Yeah.
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The power of suggestion
is so strong
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that this subject continued to
imagine a physical sensation,
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00:11:12,837 --> 00:11:14,939
even after learning
it wasn't real.
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The name for the effect
is the nocebo effect.
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It's a negative effect caused
by nothing but the mind.
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It makes perfect sense,
you know,
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the power of suggestion.
252
00:11:25,182 --> 00:11:27,119
I'm shaky just thinking
about it.
253
00:11:34,225 --> 00:11:37,763
Pain and touch are weird.
254
00:11:37,796 --> 00:11:40,299
But what about when touch
straddles the line
255
00:11:40,331 --> 00:11:42,835
between pleasure and pain?
256
00:11:42,868 --> 00:11:44,970
When a sensation makes you laugh
257
00:11:45,003 --> 00:11:47,004
and drives you crazy.
258
00:11:47,038 --> 00:11:48,974
I'm talking about tickling.
259
00:11:49,006 --> 00:11:51,075
Part of what makes you laugh
when you're tickled
260
00:11:51,109 --> 00:11:52,811
is the element of surprise.
261
00:11:52,844 --> 00:11:55,080
Your brain doesn't know
exactly what to expect
262
00:11:55,113 --> 00:11:56,448
or when it's going to happen.
263
00:11:56,480 --> 00:11:59,051
On the other hand,
it's impossible
264
00:11:59,083 --> 00:12:00,818
to tickle yourself.
265
00:12:00,851 --> 00:12:03,788
If the brain knows
where and when and how
266
00:12:03,822 --> 00:12:06,859
you are going to be touched,
you won't laugh.
267
00:12:06,892 --> 00:12:09,027
But professors of cognitive
neuroscience
268
00:12:09,059 --> 00:12:10,895
at the University College London
269
00:12:10,928 --> 00:12:14,165
have invented
the tickle machine.
270
00:12:14,198 --> 00:12:16,267
Subjects sit in
the tickle machine
271
00:12:16,301 --> 00:12:17,936
with their feet against a brush
272
00:12:17,969 --> 00:12:19,471
that is connected to a handle.
273
00:12:19,504 --> 00:12:21,974
At first, when the subjects
turn the handle,
274
00:12:22,006 --> 00:12:24,442
the brush rotates
at the exact same time
275
00:12:24,475 --> 00:12:26,410
resulting in no tickling.
276
00:12:26,443 --> 00:12:29,347
Then the machine is switched
into tickle mode...
277
00:12:29,380 --> 00:12:31,783
Which causes a delay
278
00:12:31,817 --> 00:12:33,461
of less than a second
between when the subject
279
00:12:33,485 --> 00:12:35,454
turns the handle
and when the brush moves
280
00:12:35,486 --> 00:12:36,921
against their foot.
281
00:12:36,955 --> 00:12:39,391
- This slight change
282
00:12:39,423 --> 00:12:41,067
is enough to prevent
the brain's cerebellum
283
00:12:41,091 --> 00:12:42,927
from predicting the sensation,
284
00:12:42,961 --> 00:12:45,931
thus allowing the subject
to respond to the tickle.
285
00:12:47,966 --> 00:12:49,334
Tickles can be fun.
286
00:12:49,366 --> 00:12:52,336
Pain, not so much.
287
00:12:52,370 --> 00:12:56,441
If you couldn't feel pain,
that would be great, right?
288
00:12:56,474 --> 00:12:58,143
Or would it?
289
00:12:58,176 --> 00:13:01,079
Let's meet Steve Pete.
290
00:13:01,111 --> 00:13:03,447
Steve, I understand
you don't feel pain.
291
00:13:03,480 --> 00:13:05,450
Yes, I was born
with a rare genetic condition
292
00:13:05,482 --> 00:13:08,219
called congenital insensitivity
to pain.
293
00:13:08,253 --> 00:13:10,956
It only affects about 40 to 50
of us around the world with it.
294
00:13:10,989 --> 00:13:12,423
- Only 40 or 50 people?
- Yeah.
295
00:13:12,456 --> 00:13:14,225
So far that we've been able
to find.
296
00:13:14,259 --> 00:13:16,995
And tell me what it means when
you say you don't feel pain.
297
00:13:17,028 --> 00:13:19,464
Pain is used to detect injury
298
00:13:19,496 --> 00:13:21,341
and it kind of sends a signal
to your brain saying,
299
00:13:21,365 --> 00:13:23,836
"Hey, don't do this anymore".
It's an alarm system.
300
00:13:23,869 --> 00:13:26,104
So what happens
with my condition is
301
00:13:26,136 --> 00:13:27,538
we feel what's going on
302
00:13:27,572 --> 00:13:29,408
like if I were to touch
your shoulder,
303
00:13:29,441 --> 00:13:31,018
you would feel me
touching your shoulder,
304
00:13:31,042 --> 00:13:33,011
but if I were to touch
your shoulder in a way
305
00:13:33,043 --> 00:13:36,014
that's painful,
I would feel just a pressure,
306
00:13:36,047 --> 00:13:39,117
and the signal of pain
would not travel to my brain.
307
00:13:39,149 --> 00:13:41,252
- Okay, so you feel everything...
- Everything else.
308
00:13:41,285 --> 00:13:44,422
That I feel,
but you just don't feel pain.
309
00:13:44,456 --> 00:13:46,390
- Yeah. Correct.
- But that could be dangerous.
310
00:13:46,423 --> 00:13:49,360
How did you first find out
that you had this condition?
311
00:13:49,394 --> 00:13:51,330
Well, what happened was
I was teething
312
00:13:51,363 --> 00:13:54,032
and I chewed
part of my tongue off.
313
00:13:54,065 --> 00:13:56,368
So my parents quickly took me
to my pediatrician.
314
00:13:56,400 --> 00:13:58,903
- Wow. Are you ticklish?
- Yes.
315
00:13:58,937 --> 00:14:00,072
- Do you itch?
- Yes.
316
00:14:00,105 --> 00:14:01,539
- Do you like massages?
- Yes.
317
00:14:01,572 --> 00:14:03,507
- Do you take painkillers?
- No.
318
00:14:03,541 --> 00:14:05,277
- What about a headache?
- No.
319
00:14:05,309 --> 00:14:08,913
- What about spicy peppers?
- I enjoy them, yeah.
320
00:14:08,947 --> 00:14:11,950
I mean, I do sense
the burning sensation,
321
00:14:11,982 --> 00:14:13,184
but nothing painful.
322
00:14:13,217 --> 00:14:17,188
What about intestine pain
like gas pain?
323
00:14:17,221 --> 00:14:18,624
That's something I don't feel,
324
00:14:18,657 --> 00:14:22,326
so that kind of ties into
one of my biggest fears,
325
00:14:22,360 --> 00:14:24,162
which is having, like,
appendicitis
326
00:14:24,195 --> 00:14:26,164
or any other type
of internal damage
327
00:14:26,197 --> 00:14:28,432
that I just don't know about
until it's too late.
328
00:14:28,466 --> 00:14:29,935
Is there an upside to this?
329
00:14:29,967 --> 00:14:31,469
I'm sure that people,
often naively,
330
00:14:31,503 --> 00:14:32,947
hear that you don't feel pain...
- Yeah.
331
00:14:32,971 --> 00:14:34,048
- And they think, "Man.
332
00:14:34,072 --> 00:14:35,249
Well, you should become
a boxer".
333
00:14:35,273 --> 00:14:37,276
The only upside to it is,
334
00:14:37,308 --> 00:14:40,011
being that I have had so many
injuries during my childhood,
335
00:14:40,044 --> 00:14:42,514
as I get older, I won't feel
the pain that comes with it.
336
00:14:42,547 --> 00:14:44,081
Other than that, really,
337
00:14:44,115 --> 00:14:45,650
I just try to live
my life normally
338
00:14:45,683 --> 00:14:47,151
as everyone else does.
339
00:14:47,184 --> 00:14:49,420
I cannot describe pain to you.
340
00:14:49,453 --> 00:14:52,290
Just like you can't describe
a color to someone who's blind.
341
00:14:52,323 --> 00:14:54,058
Which is where I run into
my problem
342
00:14:54,091 --> 00:14:56,662
with trying to describe
what not feeling pain is like.
343
00:14:56,695 --> 00:14:58,563
Wow, I'll bet.
344
00:14:58,596 --> 00:15:00,032
Well, Steve,
thank you very much.
345
00:15:00,065 --> 00:15:03,803
This was really,
really fascinating.
346
00:15:04,336 --> 00:15:09,574
So not being able to feel pain
is actually a bad thing.
347
00:15:09,606 --> 00:15:13,411
But likewise, the anticipation
of pain can be bad too.
348
00:15:13,445 --> 00:15:17,482
Just making someone think
that they might be tortured soon
349
00:15:17,514 --> 00:15:19,451
could be a torture device.
350
00:15:19,484 --> 00:15:22,054
The CIA and Guantanamo Bay
are known
351
00:15:22,086 --> 00:15:24,221
for using psychological torture
352
00:15:24,254 --> 00:15:26,692
involving the anticipation
of pain
353
00:15:26,725 --> 00:15:30,228
against prisoners
in the war on terror.
354
00:15:30,260 --> 00:15:34,966
The effects of this type
of torture can last a lifetime.
355
00:15:35,000 --> 00:15:36,467
So what's worse?
356
00:15:36,500 --> 00:15:41,572
Waiting for pain to happen
or the pain itself?
357
00:15:41,605 --> 00:15:43,542
You might be surprised.
358
00:15:46,677 --> 00:15:48,647
We're basing our investigation
359
00:15:48,679 --> 00:15:51,248
on an anticipation of pain
experiment,
360
00:15:51,282 --> 00:15:54,252
conducted at the
University College London,
361
00:15:54,284 --> 00:15:56,254
which gave subject two options.
362
00:15:56,287 --> 00:15:59,725
Option one: Experience
intense pain right away.
363
00:15:59,758 --> 00:16:04,129
Or option two: Anticipate
a lower level of pain
364
00:16:04,162 --> 00:16:06,131
in intervals every few minutes.
365
00:16:06,163 --> 00:16:09,400
Researchers found that the
psychological effects of dread
366
00:16:09,433 --> 00:16:14,139
can often be worse
than the pain itself.
367
00:16:14,172 --> 00:16:16,341
We decided to demonstrate
the phenomenon
368
00:16:16,374 --> 00:16:18,610
by setting up
a fake research study.
369
00:16:18,643 --> 00:16:21,146
We are looking into
370
00:16:21,178 --> 00:16:23,148
the effects of electrical
stimulation on the body.
371
00:16:23,181 --> 00:16:25,550
- Okay.
- It's all completely harmless.
372
00:16:25,582 --> 00:16:27,552
- But it can be unpleasant.
- Right.
373
00:16:27,585 --> 00:16:29,397
So we'll show you
the two settings, all right?
374
00:16:29,421 --> 00:16:32,591
I want to show you first what we
call the light setting, okay?
375
00:16:32,624 --> 00:16:35,127
- Okay.
- You ready?
376
00:16:35,159 --> 00:16:36,594
I guess so.
377
00:16:38,363 --> 00:16:40,132
And then there's
the high setting.
378
00:16:42,299 --> 00:16:44,335
- Okay.
- I don't...
379
00:16:44,369 --> 00:16:47,439
All right, so again,
unpleasant definitely...
380
00:16:47,471 --> 00:16:48,774
- Yeah.
- But you're safe.
381
00:16:48,807 --> 00:16:51,409
We call this the low voltage
or light shock.
382
00:16:51,442 --> 00:16:52,610
- Okay.
- Ready?
383
00:16:52,644 --> 00:16:55,047
All right.
384
00:16:55,080 --> 00:16:57,149
Okay.
385
00:16:57,182 --> 00:17:00,818
And now we'll show you the
high voltage or higher shock.
386
00:17:00,851 --> 00:17:02,586
Okay.
387
00:17:02,620 --> 00:17:04,288
Ooh.
388
00:17:04,321 --> 00:17:06,157
- Okay.
- Okay.
389
00:17:06,191 --> 00:17:07,692
Now it's time for our subjects
390
00:17:07,724 --> 00:17:09,360
to make an important choice.
391
00:17:09,394 --> 00:17:11,762
All right, so now that you know
the two differences,
392
00:17:11,796 --> 00:17:14,665
you either can choose choice A,
393
00:17:14,699 --> 00:17:18,670
which is one high voltage shock
every ten seconds for a minute.
394
00:17:18,702 --> 00:17:21,105
Will our subjects choose
395
00:17:21,138 --> 00:17:23,140
the higher, more painful shocks,
396
00:17:23,173 --> 00:17:25,176
but get it over with right away?
397
00:17:25,210 --> 00:17:30,315
Or choice B
is one low voltage shock
398
00:17:30,347 --> 00:17:33,417
every ten minutes for one hour.
399
00:17:33,451 --> 00:17:36,221
Or will they choose
the lower shocks,
400
00:17:36,253 --> 00:17:39,123
but be forced to anticipate
the pain for ten minutes
401
00:17:39,156 --> 00:17:41,659
between shocks for a solid hour?
402
00:17:41,692 --> 00:17:44,829
Either way,
you will be here for an hour.
403
00:17:44,863 --> 00:17:47,632
What's worse?
A higher level of pain?
404
00:17:47,664 --> 00:17:49,701
Or having to wait and anticipate
405
00:17:49,733 --> 00:17:51,269
the lower level of pain?
406
00:17:51,301 --> 00:17:52,471
I'll take the long.
407
00:17:52,503 --> 00:17:55,307
I think I'll do the shorter,
408
00:17:55,339 --> 00:17:57,341
more painful one.
409
00:17:57,375 --> 00:17:58,742
Okay.
410
00:17:58,776 --> 00:18:00,612
Now that they've made
their choices,
411
00:18:00,644 --> 00:18:02,314
it's time to see how
our subjects
412
00:18:02,346 --> 00:18:05,182
experience these two options?
413
00:18:05,215 --> 00:18:07,284
The subject who chose
to anticipate
414
00:18:07,317 --> 00:18:10,122
the lower level of pain
during the course of an hour
415
00:18:10,154 --> 00:18:12,757
is seated in the low shock
administration room,
416
00:18:12,789 --> 00:18:14,593
along with our actors,
417
00:18:14,625 --> 00:18:16,161
who are pretending
to get shocked.
418
00:18:16,193 --> 00:18:18,129
Hi.
419
00:18:20,565 --> 00:18:24,236
This subject's hour-long
ordeal is just beginning.
420
00:18:24,269 --> 00:18:26,538
But what about the subject
who chose to get it over with
421
00:18:26,570 --> 00:18:29,640
and take the more painful
shocks right away?
422
00:18:29,673 --> 00:18:32,711
We're starting now.
423
00:18:32,743 --> 00:18:34,311
Here's shock number one.
424
00:18:34,345 --> 00:18:36,480
Okay.
425
00:18:36,513 --> 00:18:40,184
Yes, the shock is painful,
but it was her choice.
426
00:18:40,218 --> 00:18:43,587
This is shock number two.
427
00:18:43,621 --> 00:18:45,757
It's really painful.
428
00:18:45,789 --> 00:18:47,858
Shock number three.
429
00:18:47,892 --> 00:18:49,894
- It's half over.
- Exactly.
430
00:18:49,928 --> 00:18:52,631
It may hurt more, but she's
getting it over with quickly.
431
00:18:52,663 --> 00:18:54,432
Shock number four.
432
00:18:54,464 --> 00:18:56,300
Number five.
433
00:18:56,334 --> 00:18:58,637
Number six.
434
00:18:58,670 --> 00:19:00,572
Okay, you're done.
435
00:19:00,605 --> 00:19:06,310
Meanwhile, our other subject
is only on shock number one.
436
00:19:06,344 --> 00:19:09,713
That's one shock down,
437
00:19:09,747 --> 00:19:13,384
five more to go.
438
00:19:13,417 --> 00:19:15,452
While the pain level
may be lower,
439
00:19:15,486 --> 00:19:17,656
the subject has plenty of time
for the pain
440
00:19:17,689 --> 00:19:21,259
and its anticipation
to occupy his mind.
441
00:19:24,394 --> 00:19:26,431
Hi, Jerome,
would you come with me?
442
00:19:26,463 --> 00:19:29,701
- Okay.
- Finally, his hour is up.
443
00:19:29,733 --> 00:19:33,704
Tell me about why you chose
the lower voltage choice.
444
00:19:33,738 --> 00:19:36,775
- I guess you're...
less pain, you know.
445
00:19:36,807 --> 00:19:38,210
While you were sitting there
446
00:19:38,242 --> 00:19:40,444
waiting for ten minutes
to elapse,
447
00:19:40,478 --> 00:19:42,714
how did you feel?
448
00:19:42,747 --> 00:19:44,282
It's so quiet in there,
449
00:19:44,315 --> 00:19:46,451
so basically you got
your thoughts.
450
00:19:46,483 --> 00:19:48,819
Your thoughts is like,
"Okay, it's coming".
451
00:19:48,853 --> 00:19:51,623
This anxiety may be the
reason why
452
00:19:51,655 --> 00:19:54,592
in the original study,
a full 70% of subjects
453
00:19:54,625 --> 00:19:57,796
opted to receive the more
painful shocks right away,
454
00:19:57,828 --> 00:20:00,264
rather than suffer through
the mental torture
455
00:20:00,298 --> 00:20:01,865
of anticipation.
456
00:20:01,898 --> 00:20:05,336
Why did you choose
the higher shock group?
457
00:20:05,369 --> 00:20:08,305
Just knowing that it was over
within a minute,
458
00:20:08,338 --> 00:20:10,674
I think ten seconds
is easier to go along with
459
00:20:10,708 --> 00:20:12,611
and anticipate
what was coming next.
460
00:20:12,644 --> 00:20:14,311
So it's kind of like
461
00:20:14,345 --> 00:20:16,615
ripping a band-aid off,
I guess.
462
00:20:16,647 --> 00:20:18,482
- You'd rather...
- Hard and fast.
463
00:20:18,516 --> 00:20:19,584
- Hard and fast?
- Yeah.
464
00:20:19,616 --> 00:20:21,418
Yeah, yeah.
465
00:20:26,657 --> 00:20:28,792
Tickling may be annoying,
466
00:20:28,826 --> 00:20:33,664
and pain may be, well, painful,
467
00:20:33,698 --> 00:20:37,002
but we crave touch.
468
00:20:37,035 --> 00:20:40,639
Hugging feels amazing.
469
00:20:40,672 --> 00:20:42,740
Hugging can actually decrease
your risk
470
00:20:42,773 --> 00:20:44,408
of catching the common cold.
471
00:20:44,442 --> 00:20:47,746
And hugging
can lower blood pressure.
472
00:20:47,778 --> 00:20:51,282
Hugging can also release
oxytocin,
473
00:20:51,316 --> 00:20:53,852
the so-called
bonding hormone.
474
00:20:53,884 --> 00:20:57,422
I guess what I'm trying
to say is...
475
00:20:57,454 --> 00:21:00,692
stay in touch.